Mycobiota of Czech wine grapes and occurrence of ochratoxin A and Alternaria mycotoxins in fresh grape juice, must and wine
نویسندگان
چکیده
The aim of this study was to monitor the mycobiota of wine grapes, occurrence of ochratoxigenic microfungi in wine grapes and occurrence of ochratoxin A and Alternaria mycotoxins in fresh grape juice, must and wine from domestic crops in the year 2004. Thirteen samples of wine grapes (white /nine samples/ and red /four samples/) were collected during harvesting in the Znojmo wine region, SE Moravia. One sample of a wine grape variety was represented by three subsamples of wine grapes, which were sampled in left, middle and right part of the vineyard. Five wine grape berries per bunch were randomly selected, plated onto Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar, and incubated for 5–7 days at 25 °C. Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, C. cladosporioides, Penicillium expansum, P. aurantiogriseum, P. spinulosum and Rhizopus nigricans were isolated from the samples. Ochratoxigenic microfungi, e. g. Aspergillus carbonarius, and other species of section Nigri, A. ochraceus, Penicillium verrucosum and P. nordicum, were not found in the samples. The HPTLC method for quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) and Alternaria mycotoxins (alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), and tenuazonic acid (TeA)) in fresh grape juice (13 samples), must (13 samples) and wine (13 samples) was used. The limit of quantification (LoQ) was 8 ng/l for OTA, 1.5 μg/l for AOH, 1.5 μg/l for AME, 1.5 μg/l for ALT and 7.5 μg/l for TeA. Occurrence of OTA and Alternaria mycotoxins in fresh grape juice, must and wine was not proved.
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